Despite spending most of her career working in unpaid positions, Maria Goeppert-Mayer made huge contributions to theoretical and chemical physics. Her most significant breakthrough was a mathematical model for the structure of nuclear shells, for which she earned a Nobel.
Maryam Mirzakhani
Maryam Mirzakhani was an Iranian mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Stanford University. Her research topics included Teichmüller theory, hyperbolic geometry, ergodic theory, and symplectic geometry.